Operationally, functional elements are defined as discrete, linearly ordered sequence features that specify molecular products (for example, protein-coding genes or noncoding RNAs) or biochemical activities with mechanistic roles in gene or genome regulation (for example, transcriptional promoters or enhancers) 5.

The ENCODE Project aims to delineate precisely and comprehensively the segments of the human and mouse genomes that encode functional elements 1, 3, 4, 5, 6. The human genome comprises a vast repository of DNA-encoded instructions that are read, interpreted, and executed by the cellular protein and RNA machinery to enable the diverse functions of living cells and tissues.

Collectively, the ENCODE data and registry provide an expansive resource for the scientific community to build a better understanding of the organization and function of the human and mouse genomes. We have developed a registry of 926,535 human and 339,815 mouse candidate cis-regulatory elements, covering 7.9 and 3.4% of their respective genomes, by integrating selected datatypes associated with gene regulation, and constructed a web-based server (SCREEN ) to provide flexible, user-defined access to this resource. All data are available through the ENCODE data portal ( ), including phase II ENCODE 1 and Roadmap Epigenomics 2 data. Here we summarize these efforts, which have produced 5,992 new experimental datasets, including systematic determinations across mouse fetal development. To better delineate these elements, phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has expanded analysis of the cell and tissue repertoires of RNA transcription, chromatin structure and modification, DNA methylation, chromatin looping, and occupancy by transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. The human and mouse genomes contain instructions that specify RNAs and proteins and govern the timing, magnitude, and cellular context of their production. Nature volume 583, pages 699–710 ( 2020) Cite this article Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes

Igor pro annotation off screen